OnDecember30,2020,theleadersofChinaandtheEUjointlyannouncedthecompletionoftheEU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment,whichisaframeworkagreementdesignedtoreplacetheexistingbilateralinvestmenttreatiesbetweenChinaandEUmemberstatesandbuildunityChina-EUbilateralinvestmentsystem.

　　Thisnegotiationhasgonethrough35roundsofnegotiationsandlastedformorethan7years.Thenegotiationwasoncestalledandacceleratedinthepastoneandahalfyears.Thenegotiationwasfinallycompletedattheendof2020,whichisalsoaftertheRegionalComprehensiveEconomicPartnershipAgreement(RCEP).,Chinahascompletedanothermajoropening-upmeasure,whichisanothersignificantvictoryofmultilateralisminthecourseofyearsofanti-globalization.

　　So,willthecompletionofthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"negotiationshaveanimpactonthestainlesssteelindustry?

　　1.IftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarrierstoChina?

　　Inrecentyears,duetotheEU'scontinuedanti-dumpingofstainlesssteelexportsfrommainlandChina,theEUcurrentlyimposesataxrateofmorethan20%onstainlesssteelfrommainlandChina.Then,iftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarriersagainstChina?

　　ThefirstthingtobeclearisthattheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementdoesnotinvolvetariffissues.Secondly,itisassumedthatthe"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"hascertainbenefitsforstainlesssteelexports,mainlyrelatedtostainlesssteelproducts,suchashouseholdappliances.However,afterthepreliminarynegotiationsarecompleted,theagreementneedstobefurthertransformedintolegalprovisions,whichcanonlycomeintoforceafterapprovalbytheEuropeanParliament.Theprocessisexpectedtostartinthesecondhalfof2021.

　　2.FromtheperspectiveofEuropeanopenareas,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveonChinesestainlesssteelcompaniesgoingglobal?

　　Accordingtorelevantinformation,theChina-EUInvestmentAgreementwilllockintheexistingChineseinvestmentmarketaccessrightsinEurope,whileensuringtheopeningofsensitiveareassuchasenergy,agriculture,fishery,audio-visual,andpublicservicesinEurope.Inaddition,accordingtothe"GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices"(GATS),theEUwillopenuptheserviceindustrytoalargeextent.

　　FromChina'sstandpoint,theEuropeanopenfieldprovidesChineseinvestorswithgreateropportunitiestoentertheEUenergywholesaleandretailmarket,renewableenergymarketandotherfields,andpromotethedevelopmentofChina'snewenergy,automobileandotherrelatedindustries.ForChineseinvestors,theagreementalsomeansthattherearemorepotentialinvestmentopportunitiesintheEU,includingChina'scompetitiveconstructionindustry,telecommunicationsindustry,etc.,whichmaystimulatedomesticdemandforstainlesssteel.

　　However,fromtheperspectiveofstainlesssteelcompanies,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingoutandestablishingplantsintheEUisslim.DuetotherelativelylargeaccumulationofscrapsteelinEurope,Chinesestainlesssteelmillsmayenjoysomeadvantagesinthecostofstainlesssteelsmeltingwhentheygooutandinvestinconstruction.However,allstainlesssteelmillsinEuropecurrentlyuseelectricfurnacesforproduction.IfyougotoEuropetobuildaplant,theoverallcostistoohigh.Secondly,fromademandperspective,Europeanstainlesssteelproductionhasbeendecliningyearbyyear.Inaddition,duetotheimpactofthenewcrownepidemic,theEuropeaneconomyhasfallenintoadownturn,andthedemandsidehasremainedweak.Therefore,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingtoEuropetobuildfactoriesgenerallydoesnotexist.

　　3.FromtheperspectiveofChina'sopenfields,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveondomesticstainlesssteelcompanies?

　　Duringthenegotiations,theareasthatChinapromisedtofurtheropenincludemanufacturing,automobiles,financialservices,healthcare,communications/cloudservices,computerservices,internationalshipping,airtransportation,businessservices,environmentalservices,etc.Atpresent,abouthalfofEU'sdirectinvestmentinChinaisconcentratedinthemanufacturingsector,suchastransportationandtelecommunicationsequipment,chemicals,healthequipment,andsoon.Intheautomotivesector,Chinaagreedtograduallycanceltherequirementsforjointventuresandpromisedmarketaccessfornewenergyvehicles.Inaddition,Chinaagreedtoabolishjointventurerequirementsforcertainindustriesinthefinancialservicesandhealthcaresectors.

　　FromthestandpointoftheEuropeanUnion,theEuropeanUnionhasnewopportunitiesinChina’sautomotive,consumerproducts,biomedicine,financialservices,andmedicalandhealthsectors,butmorelikelyitistheoutputinthetechnicalfield,whichhasabasicimpactontheproductionofthestainlesssteelindustry.No.

　　Insummary,ingeneral,the"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"doesnothaveanypositiveimpactonstainlesssteelandstainlesssteelcompaniesthemselves,butitmaybepositivefortheexportofstainlesssteelproducts.

　　中歐投資(zī)協定，對不鏽(xiù)鋼行業影響(xiang)幾何

　　2025年12月13日(ri)，中歐領導人(rén)共同宣布完(wan)成中歐全面(miàn)投資協議(EU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment），這(zhè)是一個框架(jià)協議，旨在取(qu)代中國和歐(ou)盟成員國✌️現(xiàn)有的雙邊投(tóu)資條約，構建(jian)統一的中歐(ōu)雙邊投資制(zhì)度。

　　這一談判(pan)經曆了35輪磋(cuo)商，前後持續(xù)超過7年，談判(pàn)曾一度停滞(zhì)，近一年半内(nèi)有所加快，終(zhong)于在2020年年底(dǐ)完成談判，這(zhè)也是👨‍❤️‍👨繼區📞域(yu)全面經濟夥(huo)伴關系協定(ding)（RCEP）之後，中國完(wan)成的另一個(gè)🎯重大對外開(kāi)放舉措，也是(shì)在多年的逆(ni)全球化進🆚程(chéng)中，多邊主義(yì)取得的又一(yī)次意義重大(da)的勝利。

　　那麼(me)，“中歐投資協(xie)定”談判的完(wán)成，對不鏽鋼(gāng)行業會有影(yǐng)♈響嗎？

　　一、如果(guo)“中歐投資協(xie)定”達成，歐盟(meng)對中國還會(huì)有關🔱稅壁壘(lei)麼？

　　近年來，由(you)于歐盟對中(zhong)國大陸的不(bu)鏽鋼出口持(chí)續🌂的💘反傾銷(xiao)，目前歐盟對(dui)中國大陸不(bu)鏽鋼的征收(shōu)稅率高達20%以(yi)上，那麼，如果(guǒ)“中歐投資協(xie)定”達成，歐盟(meng)對😍中國還會(huì)有關稅壁壘(lěi)🚩麼？

　　首先需要(yao)明确的是，“中(zhong)歐投資協定(ding)”并不涉及關(guan)稅♌問🐕題。其次(cì)，假🙇🏻設“中歐投(tou)資協定”對不(bu)鏽鋼出口有(yǒu)一定利好，主(zhǔ)要系不鏽鋼(gang)的相關制成(cheng)品，比如家電(diàn)等等。但初步(bù)談判🥵完成，協(xie)議需進☂️一步(bu)轉化成法律(lǜ)條文，并經過(guo)歐洲議會批(pī)準後才可生(shēng)效。該過程預(yu)計⛷️将在2021年下(xià)半年才可開(kai)始。

　　二、從歐洲(zhōu)開放領域來(lái)看，“中歐投資(zi)協定”對中國(guo)不鏽鋼企業(yè)走出去有何(he)影響？

　　從相關(guān)資料顯示來(lái)看，中歐投資(zī)協定将鎖定(dìng)現有的中國(guó)對歐投資市(shi)場準入權，同(tong)時确保開放(fàng)歐洲能源、農(nóng)業、漁業、視聽(tīng)、公共服務等(deng)敏感領域。此(cǐ)外，根據《服務(wù)貿易總協定(dìng)》（GATS），歐盟将在很(hěn)大程度上開(kai)放服務行業(yè)。

　　站在中國立(lì)場，歐洲開放(fang)領域，為中國(guó)投資者提供(gong)了🔞更大的進(jìn)💚入歐盟能源(yuan)批發零售市(shì)場、可再生能(neng)源市場等領(ling)域的機會，帶(dài)動中國新能(néng)源、汽車等相(xiang)關産業的出(chū)口貿易發展(zhǎn)。對于中國投(tóu)資者，該協議(yi)♋達成還意味(wèi)着在歐盟有(yǒu)更多潛在的(de)投資機會，包(bāo)括中國有競(jing)争優勢的建(jian)築産業、電信(xin)産業等等，屆(jiè)時或許會拉(lā)動國内不鏽(xiù)鋼需求。

　　但是(shi)從不鏽鋼企(qǐ)業角度而言(yán)，國内不鏽鋼(gang)廠走出去在(zai)歐盟建廠的(de)可能性微乎(hū)其微。由于歐(ōu)洲的廢鋼積(ji)累量比較大(da)，中國不鏽鋼(gāng)鋼廠走出去(qu)投資建設，在(zai)不鏽鋼冶⛷️煉(lian)成本上可能(neng)🆚會享有一些(xie)優勢。但✊是目(mu)前歐洲的不(bú)鏽鋼鋼廠全(quan)部使用電爐(lú)生産，若去歐(ōu)洲建廠🌈，整體(tǐ)成本過于高(gao)昂。其次，從需(xu)求角度來講(jiang)，歐洲本土不(bu)鏽鋼生産逐(zhu)年下降，加之(zhi)由于新冠疫(yi)情的😍影響，歐(ōu)洲經濟陷入(rù)低迷，需求端(duan)維持弱勢。因(yin)此，國内不鏽(xiù)鋼廠去歐洲(zhou)建設工廠🌈的(de)可能性，總體(tǐ)而言不存在(zai)。

　　三、從中國開(kai)放領域來看(kan)，“中歐投資協(xie)定”對國内的(de)不鏽鋼企🏃‍♂️業(yè)有何影響？

　　在(zài)談判中，中國(guó)答應進一步(bu)開放的領域(yù)包括制造業(yè)、汽車、金融服(fu)務業、醫療健(jian)康、通訊/雲服(fu)務、計算機服(fú)務、國際海運(yun)、航空運輸、商(shāng)業服務、環境(jìng)服務等。目前(qian)，大約一半的(de)歐盟對華直(zhi)接投資集中(zhong)在制造業領(ling)域，如運輸和(hé)電信設備、化(huà)學品、健康設(shè)備等等。而汽(qi)車領域方面(mian)，中國同意逐(zhú)步取消合資(zi)企業要求，承(cheng)諾新能源汽(qì)車的市場準(zhun)入。此外，中國(guó)同意取消金(jīn)融服務業及(jí)醫療健康領(lǐng)域中部分行(hang)業的合資要(yào)求。

　　站在歐盟(méng)的立場，歐盟(méng)在中國的汽(qì)車、消費品、生(shēng)物醫藥、金融(rong)服務和醫療(liao)衛生等衆多(duo)領域出現了(le)新的機遇，但(dàn)更多的可能(neng)是技術領域(yu)内的輸出，對(dui)不鏽鋼行業(ye)生産的影響(xiǎng)基本沒有。

　　綜(zong)上所述，總體(tǐ)而言，“中歐投(tou)資協定”對不(bu)鏽鋼及不鏽(xiù)鋼企業本身(shen)并沒有什麼(me)利好的影響(xiǎng)，但對不鏽鋼(gang)制成品的出(chū)口可能會是(shì)利好。