OnDecember30,2020,theleadersofChinaandtheEUjointlyannouncedthecompletionoftheEU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment,whichisaframeworkagreementdesignedtoreplacetheexistingbilateralinvestmenttreatiesbetweenChinaandEUmemberstatesandbuildunityChina-EUbilateralinvestmentsystem.

　　Thisnegotiationhasgonethrough35roundsofnegotiationsandlastedformorethan7years.Thenegotiationwasoncestalledandacceleratedinthepastoneandahalfyears.Thenegotiationwasfinallycompletedattheendof2020,whichisalsoaftertheRegionalComprehensiveEconomicPartnershipAgreement(RCEP).,Chinahascompletedanothermajoropening-upmeasure,whichisanothersignificantvictoryofmultilateralisminthecourseofyearsofanti-globalization.

　　So,willthecompletionofthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"negotiationshaveanimpactonthestainlesssteelindustry?

　　1.IftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarrierstoChina?

　　Inrecentyears,duetotheEU'scontinuedanti-dumpingofstainlesssteelexportsfrommainlandChina,theEUcurrentlyimposesataxrateofmorethan20%onstainlesssteelfrommainlandChina.Then,iftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarriersagainstChina?

　　ThefirstthingtobeclearisthattheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementdoesnotinvolvetariffissues.Secondly,itisassumedthatthe"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"hascertainbenefitsforstainlesssteelexports,mainlyrelatedtostainlesssteelproducts,suchashouseholdappliances.However,afterthepreliminarynegotiationsarecompleted,theagreementneedstobefurthertransformedintolegalprovisions,whichcanonlycomeintoforceafterapprovalbytheEuropeanParliament.Theprocessisexpectedtostartinthesecondhalfof2021.

　　2.FromtheperspectiveofEuropeanopenareas,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveonChinesestainlesssteelcompaniesgoingglobal?

　　Accordingtorelevantinformation,theChina-EUInvestmentAgreementwilllockintheexistingChineseinvestmentmarketaccessrightsinEurope,whileensuringtheopeningofsensitiveareassuchasenergy,agriculture,fishery,audio-visual,andpublicservicesinEurope.Inaddition,accordingtothe"GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices"(GATS),theEUwillopenuptheserviceindustrytoalargeextent.

　　FromChina'sstandpoint,theEuropeanopenfieldprovidesChineseinvestorswithgreateropportunitiestoentertheEUenergywholesaleandretailmarket,renewableenergymarketandotherfields,andpromotethedevelopmentofChina'snewenergy,automobileandotherrelatedindustries.ForChineseinvestors,theagreementalsomeansthattherearemorepotentialinvestmentopportunitiesintheEU,includingChina'scompetitiveconstructionindustry,telecommunicationsindustry,etc.,whichmaystimulatedomesticdemandforstainlesssteel.

　　However,fromtheperspectiveofstainlesssteelcompanies,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingoutandestablishingplantsintheEUisslim.DuetotherelativelylargeaccumulationofscrapsteelinEurope,Chinesestainlesssteelmillsmayenjoysomeadvantagesinthecostofstainlesssteelsmeltingwhentheygooutandinvestinconstruction.However,allstainlesssteelmillsinEuropecurrentlyuseelectricfurnacesforproduction.IfyougotoEuropetobuildaplant,theoverallcostistoohigh.Secondly,fromademandperspective,Europeanstainlesssteelproductionhasbeendecliningyearbyyear.Inaddition,duetotheimpactofthenewcrownepidemic,theEuropeaneconomyhasfallenintoadownturn,andthedemandsidehasremainedweak.Therefore,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingtoEuropetobuildfactoriesgenerallydoesnotexist.

　　3.FromtheperspectiveofChina'sopenfields,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveondomesticstainlesssteelcompanies?

　　Duringthenegotiations,theareasthatChinapromisedtofurtheropenincludemanufacturing,automobiles,financialservices,healthcare,communications/cloudservices,computerservices,internationalshipping,airtransportation,businessservices,environmentalservices,etc.Atpresent,abouthalfofEU'sdirectinvestmentinChinaisconcentratedinthemanufacturingsector,suchastransportationandtelecommunicationsequipment,chemicals,healthequipment,andsoon.Intheautomotivesector,Chinaagreedtograduallycanceltherequirementsforjointventuresandpromisedmarketaccessfornewenergyvehicles.Inaddition,Chinaagreedtoabolishjointventurerequirementsforcertainindustriesinthefinancialservicesandhealthcaresectors.

　　FromthestandpointoftheEuropeanUnion,theEuropeanUnionhasnewopportunitiesinChina’sautomotive,consumerproducts,biomedicine,financialservices,andmedicalandhealthsectors,butmorelikelyitistheoutputinthetechnicalfield,whichhasabasicimpactontheproductionofthestainlesssteelindustry.No.

　　Insummary,ingeneral,the"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"doesnothaveanypositiveimpactonstainlesssteelandstainlesssteelcompaniesthemselves,butitmaybepositivefortheexportofstainlesssteelproducts.

　　中歐(ōu)投資協(xie)定，對不(bú)鏽鋼行(hang)業影響(xiang)幾何

　　2025年(nian)12月13日，中(zhōng)歐領導(dǎo)人共同(tóng)宣布完(wán)成中歐(ōu)全面投(tou)資協議(yi)(EU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment），這是🚶‍♀️一(yī)個框架(jia)協議，旨(zhǐ)在取代(dai)中國和(hé)歐盟成(chéng)員國現(xiàn)有的雙(shuāng)🍓邊投資(zī)條約，構(gòu)建統一(yī)的中歐(ōu)雙邊投(tou)資制度(dù)。

　　這一談(tán)判經曆(lì)了35輪磋(cuō)商，前後(hòu)持續超(chao)過7年，談(tán)判曾一(yī)💜度停❗滞(zhì)，近一年(nián)半内有(you)所加快(kuài)，終于在(zai)2020年年底(di)完成談(tán)判，這也(yě)是繼區(qū)域全面(miàn)經濟夥(huo)伴關系(xì)協定（RCEP）之(zhī)後，中國(guo)完成的(de)另一個(ge)重大對(duì)外開放(fàng)舉措，也(ye)是在多(duo)年的逆(ni)😄全球化(hua)進程中(zhōng)，多邊主(zhu)義取得(dé)的又一(yi)次🧑🏽‍🤝‍🧑🏻意義(yi)重大的(de)勝利。

　　那(na)麼，“中歐(ou)投資協(xie)定”談判(pàn)的完成(chéng)，對不鏽(xiù)鋼行業(yè)會🙇🏻有影(yǐng)響嗎？

　　一(yi)、如果“中(zhōng)歐投資(zī)協定”達(dá)成，歐盟(méng)對中國(guó)還會有(yǒu)關⭕稅壁(bi)壘麼？

　　近(jin)年來，由(you)于歐盟(méng)對中國(guo)大陸的(de)不鏽鋼(gāng)出口持(chi)續的反(fǎn)傾銷，目(mù)前歐盟(méng)對中國(guó)大陸不(bu)鏽鋼的(de)征收稅(shui)🤞率高達(dá)20%以上，那(na)麼，如果(guo)“中歐投(tóu)資協定(dìng)”達成，歐(ou)盟對中(zhōng)國還會(hui)有關稅(shuì)壁壘麼(me)？

　　首先需(xū)要明确(que)的是，“中(zhōng)歐投資(zi)協定”并(bìng)不涉及(ji)關稅問(wen)💋題。其次(cì)，假設“中(zhōng)歐投資(zi)協定”對(duì)不鏽鋼(gāng)出口有(you)一定利(li)好，主要(yào)系不鏽(xiù)💁鋼的相(xiang)關制成(cheng)品，比如(rú)家電等(děng)等。但初(chū)☁️步談判(pan)🌏完成，協(xie)議需進(jìn)💋一步轉(zhuan)化成法(fa)律條文(wén)，并經過(guò)‼️歐洲議(yi)會批準(zhun)後才可(ke)生效。該(gāi)過程預(yù)計将在(zài)2021年下半(ban)年才可(kě)開始。

　　二(èr)、從歐洲(zhōu)開放領(lǐng)域來看(kan)，“中歐投(tou)資協定(ding)”對中國(guó)不鏽鋼(gāng)企業走(zǒu)出去有(you)何影響(xiǎng)？

　　從相關(guān)資料顯(xian)示來看(kàn)，中歐投(tou)資協定(ding)将鎖定(ding)現有的(de)中國對(duì)歐投資(zī)市場準(zhun)入權，同(tong)時确保(bǎo)開放歐(ōu)洲能源(yuan)、農業、漁(yú)業、視聽(tīng)、公共服(fú)務等敏(min)感領域(yù)。此外，根(gen)據《服務(wù)貿易總(zong)協定》（GATS），歐(ou)盟将在(zai)很大程(chéng)度上開(kāi)放服務(wu)行業。

　　站(zhan)在中國(guo)立場，歐(ōu)洲開放(fang)領域，為(wéi)中國投(tou)資者提(ti)供了更(gèng)🐕大的進(jin)入歐盟(méng)能源批(pi)發零售(shòu)市場、可(ke)再生能(neng)源市場(chang)等領域(yù)的機會(hui)，帶動中(zhong)國新能(néng)源、汽車(che)等相🙇🏻關(guān)産業的(de)出口貿(mào)易發展(zhǎn)。對于中(zhōng)國投資(zi)者，該協(xie)議達成(cheng)還意味(wèi)着在歐(ōu)盟有更(geng)多💃🏻潛在(zai)的投資(zī)機會，包(bao)括中國(guo)有競争(zhēng)優勢的(de)建築産(chǎn)業、電信(xìn)産業等(deng)等，屆🤟時(shi)或許會(huì)拉動國(guó)内不鏽(xiù)鋼需求(qiú)。

　　但是從(cóng)不鏽鋼(gāng)企業角(jiǎo)度而言(yán)，國内不(bu)鏽鋼廠(chang)走出去(qù)在歐盟(meng)建🥵廠的(de)可能性(xìng)微乎其(qi)微。由于(yu)歐洲的(de)廢鋼積(ji)累量比(bi)較大，中(zhong)國不鏽(xiu)鋼鋼廠(chang)走出去(qù)投資建(jian)設，在不(bu)鏽鋼冶(ye)煉成本(ben)上可能(néng)會享有(yǒu)一些優(yōu)勢。但是(shì)目前歐(ōu)洲的不(bu)鏽鋼鋼(gāng)廠全部(bù)使用電(diàn)爐生産(chan)，若去歐(ōu)洲建廠(chǎng)，整體成(chéng)本過于(yú)高昂。其(qí)次🏃，從需(xu)求角度(du)🈲來講，歐(ōu)洲本土(tu)不鏽鋼(gang)生産逐(zhu)年下降(jiàng)，加之由(you)于新冠(guan)疫情的(de)🔴影響，歐(ōu)洲經濟(jì)陷入低(di)迷，需求(qiú)端維持(chi)弱勢。因(yin)此，國内(nei)不鏽鋼(gāng)🐆廠去歐(ou)洲建設(she)工廠的(de)可能性(xing)，總體而(er)言不存(cun)在。

　　三、從(cong)中國開(kai)放領域(yù)來看，“中(zhōng)歐投資(zī)協定”對(dui)國内的(de)不㊙️鏽鋼(gang)企業有(yǒu)何影響(xiang)？

　　在談判(pan)中，中國(guo)答應進(jìn)一步開(kai)放的領(ling)域包括(kuo)制造業(ye)、汽車、金(jīn)融服務(wù)業、醫療(liao)健康、通(tong)訊/雲服(fú)務、計算(suàn)機服務(wù)、國際海(hai)運、航空(kōng)運輸、商(shang)業服務(wù)、環境服(fu)務等。目(mu)前，大約(yuē)一半的(de)歐盟對(duì)華直接(jiē)投資集(ji)中在制(zhi)造業領(lǐng)域，如運(yun)輸和電(dian)信設備(bei)、化學品(pǐn)、健康設(shè)備等等(deng)。而汽車(chē)領域方(fang)面，中國(guó)同意逐(zhú)步取消(xiāo)合資企(qi)業要求(qiu)，承諾新(xīn)能源汽(qi)車的市(shì)場準入(rù)。此外，中(zhōng)國同意(yì)取消金(jin)融服務(wù)業及醫(yī)療健康(kāng)領域中(zhong)部分行(hang)業的合(he)資要求(qiu)。

　　站在歐(ōu)盟的立(li)場，歐盟(méng)在中國(guó)的汽車(che)、消費品(pǐn)、生物醫(yi)藥、金融(róng)服務和(hé)醫療衛(wei)生等衆(zhong)多領域(yu)出現了(le)新的機(ji)遇，但更(gèng)多的可(kě)能是技(jì)術領域(yu)内的輸(shū)出，對不(bú)鏽鋼行(háng)業生産(chan)的影響(xiang)基本沒(mei)有。

　　綜上(shàng)所述，總(zong)體而言(yan)，“中歐投(tou)資協定(dìng)”對不鏽(xiu)鋼及不(bú)鏽鋼企(qi)業本身(shēn)并沒有(yǒu)什麼利(lì)好的影(yǐng)響，但對(dui)不鏽鋼(gāng)制成品(pǐn)的出口(kou)可能會(huì)是利好(hao)。