- 1實現(xian)制造業(ye)可持續(xu)發展的(de)必由之(zhi)路
- 2突(tu)破傳統(tǒng)工藝限(xian)制的創(chuang)新之路(lù)
- 3突(tū)破傳統(tǒng)工藝的(de)技術瓶(ping)頸
- 4精密(mì)鑄造技(ji)術的突(tū)破:為制(zhi)造業帶(dai)來新的(de)發展機(jī)遇
- 5提升産(chan)品質量(liàng)和性能(néng)的關鍵(jian)步驟
- 6精(jing)密鑄造(zào)技術的(de)新發展(zhan):推動制(zhì)造業升(shēng)級的新(xin)動力
- 7精密鑄(zhu)造技術(shu)的進步(bu)為企業(yè)帶來新(xin)的發展(zhan)機遇和(hé)競争優(you)勢
- 8精密(mì)鑄造技(ji)術的突(tū)破性進(jin)展:實現(xian)高效、綠(lǜ)色、智能(neng)制造的(de)新裡程(cheng)碑
- 1鑄(zhu)件修理(li)的注意(yì)事項
- 2精(jing)密鑄造(zao)的技術(shù)介紹
- 3不鏽鋼(gāng)澆鑄件(jiàn)廠家如(ru)何對于(yú)鑄件無(wú)損傷檢(jiǎn)測
- 4樹脂砂(shā)工藝生(shēng)産鑄鋼(gang)件,zui頭疼(teng)的熱裂(lie)缺陷,從(cóng)四個💔方(fang)面出🔅手(shou)解決!
- 5不鏽(xiù)鋼鑄件(jian)對模具(jù)的包緊(jǐn)力介紹(shao)
- 6精密(mi)鑄鋼件(jiàn)在加工(gōng)中要規(guī)避氣孔(kong)缺陷的(de)出現
- 7真空泵(bèng)的常見(jian)問題及(jí)解決方(fang)法
- 8影響(xiǎng)水玻璃(lí)塗料黏(nián)度的因(yīn)素
How will the China-EU Investment Agreement affect the stainless steel industry?
作者(zhě):超級管(guan)理員 時(shí)間:2025-12-13 09:17:51 點擊(ji):361 次
OnDecember30,2020,theleadersofChinaandtheEUjointlyannouncedthecompletionoftheEU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment,whichisaframeworkagreementdesignedtoreplacetheexistingbilateralinvestmenttreatiesbetweenChinaandEUmemberstatesandbuildunityChina-EUbilateralinvestmentsystem.
Thisnegotiationhasgonethrough35roundsofnegotiationsandlastedformorethan7years.Thenegotiationwasoncestalledandacceleratedinthepastoneandahalfyears.Thenegotiationwasfinallycompletedattheendof2020,whichisalsoaftertheRegionalComprehensiveEconomicPartnershipAgreement(RCEP).,Chinahascompletedanothermajoropening-upmeasure,whichisanothersignificantvictoryofmultilateralisminthecourseofyearsofanti-globalization.
So,willthecompletionofthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"negotiationshaveanimpactonthestainlesssteelindustry?
1.IftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarrierstoChina?
Inrecentyears,duetotheEU'scontinuedanti-dumpingofstainlesssteelexportsfrommainlandChina,theEUcurrentlyimposesataxrateofmorethan20%onstainlesssteelfrommainlandChina.Then,iftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarriersagainstChina?
ThefirstthingtobeclearisthattheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementdoesnotinvolvetariffissues.Secondly,itisassumedthatthe"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"hascertainbenefitsforstainlesssteelexports,mainlyrelatedtostainlesssteelproducts,suchashouseholdappliances.However,afterthepreliminarynegotiationsarecompleted,theagreementneedstobefurthertransformedintolegalprovisions,whichcanonlycomeintoforceafterapprovalbytheEuropeanParliament.Theprocessisexpectedtostartinthesecondhalfof2021.
2.FromtheperspectiveofEuropeanopenareas,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveonChinesestainlesssteelcompaniesgoingglobal?
Accordingtorelevantinformation,theChina-EUInvestmentAgreementwilllockintheexistingChineseinvestmentmarketaccessrightsinEurope,whileensuringtheopeningofsensitiveareassuchasenergy,agriculture,fishery,audio-visual,andpublicservicesinEurope.Inaddition,accordingtothe"GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices"(GATS),theEUwillopenuptheserviceindustrytoalargeextent.
FromChina'sstandpoint,theEuropeanopenfieldprovidesChineseinvestorswithgreateropportunitiestoentertheEUenergywholesaleandretailmarket,renewableenergymarketandotherfields,andpromotethedevelopmentofChina'snewenergy,automobileandotherrelatedindustries.ForChineseinvestors,theagreementalsomeansthattherearemorepotentialinvestmentopportunitiesintheEU,includingChina'scompetitiveconstructionindustry,telecommunicationsindustry,etc.,whichmaystimulatedomesticdemandforstainlesssteel.
However,fromtheperspectiveofstainlesssteelcompanies,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingoutandestablishingplantsintheEUisslim.DuetotherelativelylargeaccumulationofscrapsteelinEurope,Chinesestainlesssteelmillsmayenjoysomeadvantagesinthecostofstainlesssteelsmeltingwhentheygooutandinvestinconstruction.However,allstainlesssteelmillsinEuropecurrentlyuseelectricfurnacesforproduction.IfyougotoEuropetobuildaplant,theoverallcostistoohigh.Secondly,fromademandperspective,Europeanstainlesssteelproductionhasbeendecliningyearbyyear.Inaddition,duetotheimpactofthenewcrownepidemic,theEuropeaneconomyhasfallenintoadownturn,andthedemandsidehasremainedweak.Therefore,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingtoEuropetobuildfactoriesgenerallydoesnotexist.
3.FromtheperspectiveofChina'sopenfields,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveondomesticstainlesssteelcompanies?
Duringthenegotiations,theareasthatChinapromisedtofurtheropenincludemanufacturing,automobiles,financialservices,healthcare,communications/cloudservices,computerservices,internationalshipping,airtransportation,businessservices,environmentalservices,etc.Atpresent,abouthalfofEU'sdirectinvestmentinChinaisconcentratedinthemanufacturingsector,suchastransportationandtelecommunicationsequipment,chemicals,healthequipment,andsoon.Intheautomotivesector,Chinaagreedtograduallycanceltherequirementsforjointventuresandpromisedmarketaccessfornewenergyvehicles.Inaddition,Chinaagreedtoabolishjointventurerequirementsforcertainindustriesinthefinancialservicesandhealthcaresectors.
FromthestandpointoftheEuropeanUnion,theEuropeanUnionhasnewopportunitiesinChina’sautomotive,consumerproducts,biomedicine,financialservices,andmedicalandhealthsectors,butmorelikelyitistheoutputinthetechnicalfield,whichhasabasicimpactontheproductionofthestainlesssteelindustry.No.
Insummary,ingeneral,the"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"doesnothaveanypositiveimpactonstainlesssteelandstainlesssteelcompaniesthemselves,butitmaybepositivefortheexportofstainlesssteelproducts.
中歐(ōu)投資協(xie)定,對不(bú)鏽鋼行(hang)業影響(xiang)幾何
2025年(nian)12月13日,中(zhōng)歐領導(dǎo)人共同(tóng)宣布完(wán)成中歐(ōu)全面投(tou)資協議(yi)(EU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment),這是🚶♀️一(yī)個框架(jia)協議,旨(zhǐ)在取代(dai)中國和(hé)歐盟成(chéng)員國現(xiàn)有的雙(shuāng)🍓邊投資(zī)條約,構(gòu)建統一(yī)的中歐(ōu)雙邊投(tou)資制度(dù)。
這一談(tán)判經曆(lì)了35輪磋(cuō)商,前後(hòu)持續超(chao)過7年,談(tán)判曾一(yī)💜度停❗滞(zhì),近一年(nián)半内有(you)所加快(kuài),終于在(zai)2020年年底(di)完成談(tán)判,這也(yě)是繼區(qū)域全面(miàn)經濟夥(huo)伴關系(xì)協定(RCEP)之(zhī)後,中國(guo)完成的(de)另一個(ge)重大對(duì)外開放(fàng)舉措,也(ye)是在多(duo)年的逆(ni)😄全球化(hua)進程中(zhōng),多邊主(zhu)義取得(dé)的又一(yi)次🧑🏽🤝🧑🏻意義(yi)重大的(de)勝利。
那(na)麼,“中歐(ou)投資協(xie)定”談判(pàn)的完成(chéng),對不鏽(xiù)鋼行業(yè)會🙇🏻有影(yǐng)響嗎?
一(yi)、如果“中(zhōng)歐投資(zī)協定”達(dá)成,歐盟(méng)對中國(guó)還會有(yǒu)關⭕稅壁(bi)壘麼?
近(jin)年來,由(you)于歐盟(méng)對中國(guo)大陸的(de)不鏽鋼(gāng)出口持(chi)續的反(fǎn)傾銷,目(mù)前歐盟(méng)對中國(guó)大陸不(bu)鏽鋼的(de)征收稅(shui)🤞率高達(dá)20%以上,那(na)麼,如果(guo)“中歐投(tóu)資協定(dìng)”達成,歐(ou)盟對中(zhōng)國還會(hui)有關稅(shuì)壁壘麼(me)?
首先需(xū)要明确(que)的是,“中(zhōng)歐投資(zi)協定”并(bìng)不涉及(ji)關稅問(wen)💋題。其次(cì),假設“中(zhōng)歐投資(zi)協定”對(duì)不鏽鋼(gāng)出口有(you)一定利(li)好,主要(yào)系不鏽(xiù)💁鋼的相(xiang)關制成(cheng)品,比如(rú)家電等(děng)等。但初(chū)☁️步談判(pan)🌏完成,協(xie)議需進(jìn)💋一步轉(zhuan)化成法(fa)律條文(wén),并經過(guò)‼️歐洲議(yi)會批準(zhun)後才可(ke)生效。該(gāi)過程預(yù)計将在(zài)2021年下半(ban)年才可(kě)開始。
二(èr)、從歐洲(zhōu)開放領(lǐng)域來看(kan),“中歐投(tou)資協定(ding)”對中國(guó)不鏽鋼(gāng)企業走(zǒu)出去有(you)何影響(xiǎng)?
從相關(guān)資料顯(xian)示來看(kàn),中歐投(tou)資協定(ding)将鎖定(ding)現有的(de)中國對(duì)歐投資(zī)市場準(zhun)入權,同(tong)時确保(bǎo)開放歐(ōu)洲能源(yuan)、農業、漁(yú)業、視聽(tīng)、公共服(fú)務等敏(min)感領域(yù)。此外,根(gen)據《服務(wù)貿易總(zong)協定》(GATS),歐(ou)盟将在(zai)很大程(chéng)度上開(kāi)放服務(wu)行業。
站(zhan)在中國(guo)立場,歐(ōu)洲開放(fang)領域,為(wéi)中國投(tou)資者提(ti)供了更(gèng)🐕大的進(jin)入歐盟(méng)能源批(pi)發零售(shòu)市場、可(ke)再生能(neng)源市場(chang)等領域(yù)的機會(hui),帶動中(zhong)國新能(néng)源、汽車(che)等相🙇🏻關(guān)産業的(de)出口貿(mào)易發展(zhǎn)。對于中(zhōng)國投資(zi)者,該協(xie)議達成(cheng)還意味(wèi)着在歐(ōu)盟有更(geng)多💃🏻潛在(zai)的投資(zī)機會,包(bao)括中國(guo)有競争(zhēng)優勢的(de)建築産(chǎn)業、電信(xìn)産業等(deng)等,屆🤟時(shi)或許會(huì)拉動國(guó)内不鏽(xiù)鋼需求(qiú)。
但是從(cóng)不鏽鋼(gāng)企業角(jiǎo)度而言(yán),國内不(bu)鏽鋼廠(chang)走出去(qù)在歐盟(meng)建🥵廠的(de)可能性(xìng)微乎其(qi)微。由于(yu)歐洲的(de)廢鋼積(ji)累量比(bi)較大,中(zhong)國不鏽(xiu)鋼鋼廠(chang)走出去(qù)投資建(jian)設,在不(bu)鏽鋼冶(ye)煉成本(ben)上可能(néng)會享有(yǒu)一些優(yōu)勢。但是(shì)目前歐(ōu)洲的不(bu)鏽鋼鋼(gāng)廠全部(bù)使用電(diàn)爐生産(chan),若去歐(ōu)洲建廠(chǎng),整體成(chéng)本過于(yú)高昂。其(qí)次🏃,從需(xu)求角度(du)🈲來講,歐(ōu)洲本土(tu)不鏽鋼(gang)生産逐(zhu)年下降(jiàng),加之由(you)于新冠(guan)疫情的(de)🔴影響,歐(ōu)洲經濟(jì)陷入低(di)迷,需求(qiú)端維持(chi)弱勢。因(yin)此,國内(nei)不鏽鋼(gāng)🐆廠去歐(ou)洲建設(she)工廠的(de)可能性(xing),總體而(er)言不存(cun)在。
三、從(cong)中國開(kai)放領域(yù)來看,“中(zhōng)歐投資(zī)協定”對(dui)國内的(de)不㊙️鏽鋼(gang)企業有(yǒu)何影響(xiang)?
在談判(pan)中,中國(guo)答應進(jìn)一步開(kai)放的領(ling)域包括(kuo)制造業(ye)、汽車、金(jīn)融服務(wù)業、醫療(liao)健康、通(tong)訊/雲服(fú)務、計算(suàn)機服務(wù)、國際海(hai)運、航空(kōng)運輸、商(shang)業服務(wù)、環境服(fu)務等。目(mu)前,大約(yuē)一半的(de)歐盟對(duì)華直接(jiē)投資集(ji)中在制(zhi)造業領(lǐng)域,如運(yun)輸和電(dian)信設備(bei)、化學品(pǐn)、健康設(shè)備等等(deng)。而汽車(chē)領域方(fang)面,中國(guó)同意逐(zhú)步取消(xiāo)合資企(qi)業要求(qiu),承諾新(xīn)能源汽(qi)車的市(shì)場準入(rù)。此外,中(zhōng)國同意(yì)取消金(jin)融服務(wù)業及醫(yī)療健康(kāng)領域中(zhong)部分行(hang)業的合(he)資要求(qiu)。
站在歐(ōu)盟的立(li)場,歐盟(méng)在中國(guó)的汽車(che)、消費品(pǐn)、生物醫(yi)藥、金融(róng)服務和(hé)醫療衛(wei)生等衆(zhong)多領域(yu)出現了(le)新的機(ji)遇,但更(gèng)多的可(kě)能是技(jì)術領域(yu)内的輸(shū)出,對不(bú)鏽鋼行(háng)業生産(chan)的影響(xiang)基本沒(mei)有。
綜上(shàng)所述,總(zong)體而言(yan),“中歐投(tou)資協定(dìng)”對不鏽(xiu)鋼及不(bú)鏽鋼企(qi)業本身(shēn)并沒有(yǒu)什麼利(lì)好的影(yǐng)響,但對(dui)不鏽鋼(gāng)制成品(pǐn)的出口(kou)可能會(huì)是利好(hao)。
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